If you want to reshape your financial future, these 14 top books are a great start. They cover everything from healing past money wounds and shifting from scarcity to abundance, to practical strategies like budgeting, investing, and building wealth. Many blend mindset work with actionable steps, helping you rewire beliefs and develop new habits. Keep going, and you’ll discover insights that can truly transform how you think about money and success.
Key Takeaways
- The list highlights top books combining mindset shifts, practical strategies, and emotional healing to foster long-term financial transformation.
- It includes titles suitable for beginners, entrepreneurs, and those interested in spirituality, psychology, or holistic approaches.
- The books offer exercises, affirmations, and challenges to reinforce positive money habits and subconscious reprogramming.
- Many titles focus on overcoming money trauma, generational patterns, and limiting beliefs for sustainable wealth building.
- Selection criteria emphasize author credibility, practical tools, and alignment with diverse financial goals and learning preferences.
Money Mindset Makeover: A Millenials Guide To Financial Freedom
If you’re a millennial looking to take control of your finances, “Money Mindset Makeover: A Millennials Guide To Financial Freedom” is an essential resource. I found it incredibly helpful because it combines psychological insights with practical advice. It helps you identify and overcome mental barriers around money, fostering a healthier attitude towards wealth. The book covers key strategies like budgeting, investing, and wealth-building, making complex concepts easy to understand. What I appreciate most is its holistic approach—addressing both mindset shifts and actionable steps. It’s perfect for anyone ready to transform their financial future and build sustainable wealth.
Best For: millennials seeking to improve their financial mindset, learn practical wealth-building strategies, and achieve long-term financial independence.
Pros:
- Combines psychological insights with actionable financial advice for a well-rounded approach
- Simplifies complex financial concepts, making them accessible to beginners and young adults
- Emphasizes a holistic strategy that integrates mindset shifts with practical steps toward wealth
Cons:
- May require additional resources for in-depth investment strategies
- Some readers might find the psychological focus less applicable if they prefer purely technical financial guidance
- As a general guide, it might not cover advanced investment options or personalized financial planning
The Growth Mindset Positivity Journal
The Growth Mindset Positivity Journal is an excellent choice for anyone committed to building a resilient, success-oriented mindset through daily reflection. This 365-day journal offers inspiring affirmations and prompts designed to foster growth, positivity, happiness, and success. I received a free copy via Booksprout and found it truly inspiring, supporting my personal development. It’s perfect for those looking to strengthen their mindset and cultivate daily habits that lead to progress. With consistent use, this journal helps you stay motivated, focused, and optimistic about your journey toward financial and personal success. It’s a simple yet powerful tool for transforming your outlook.
Best For: individuals seeking daily inspiration and practical tools to develop a growth mindset, boost positivity, and achieve personal and professional success.
Pros:
- Provides 365 days of affirmations and prompts for consistent motivation.
- Supports personal development and mindset strengthening through daily reflection.
- Easy-to-use format suitable for cultivating positivity and success habits.
Cons:
- May require daily commitment, which could be challenging for some users.
- The content may be repetitive if not supplemented with additional materials.
- As a journal, it does not offer guided coaching or personalized feedback.
Personal Finance Blueprint for Beginners
Beginners looking to establish a solid financial foundation will find the Personal Finance Blueprint especially valuable. It emphasizes that a strong mindset is the first step—shifting beliefs about worthiness and abundance to access financial success. The book features practical exercises, self-reflection, and quizzes to help identify how your beliefs, health, and habits influence money. It stresses the importance of developing lasting habits like saving, budgeting, and debt management. Before external progress, internal mindset shifts are essential, empowering you to feel deserving of prosperity. This all-encompassing approach guarantees you’re equipped to build a healthy financial future from the inside out.
Best For: Beginners seeking to build a strong financial foundation by developing healthy money habits and shifting their mindset towards prosperity.
Pros:
- Provides clear guidance on mindset, habits, and Practical exercises to foster financial growth
- Covers essential topics like budgeting, saving, debt management, and investing in an accessible way
- Offers interactive elements such as quizzes and self-reflection questions to reinforce learning
Cons:
- May not delve deeply into advanced investment strategies or complex financial topics
- Focuses primarily on foundational concepts, which might be too basic for experienced investors
- Some readers might find the emphasis on mindset less actionable compared to practical financial tools
The Psychology of Money: Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness
Those seeking a deeper understanding of how psychological factors influence financial decisions will find Morgan Housel’s *The Psychology of Money* indispensable. It reveals that wealth isn’t just about smart choices but also about aligning money with your core values, emotions, and habits. Housel emphasizes the importance of patience, long-term thinking, and the power of compounding, showing that consistent, disciplined investing beats chasing quick gains. He reminds us that wealth is often invisible and that luck, risk, and storytelling shape financial outcomes. Recognizing our biases, emotions, and limits helps us make better choices, ultimately leading to a more fulfilling and sustainable financial future.
Best For: individuals seeking to understand how psychological factors and personal values influence their financial decisions and long-term wealth-building strategies.
Pros:
- Offers timeless insights into behavior, emotions, and habits affecting money management
- Emphasizes the importance of patience, discipline, and long-term thinking for sustainable wealth
- Highlights the role of luck, risk, and perception, encouraging humility and realistic planning
Cons:
- Lacks specific investment strategies or actionable financial planning steps
- May be less practical for those seeking detailed financial advice or technical guidance
- Focuses heavily on behavioral insights, which might not resonate with readers looking for quick financial gains
Money Mindset: Wealth Building Roadmap for Network Marketers
If you’re a network marketer enthusiastic to break free from financial struggles and build lasting wealth, “Money Mindset: Wealth Building Roadmap for Network Marketers” offers targeted strategies to transform your mindset and finances. This book provides practical advice on creating investment portfolios, developing a wealth account, and understanding leverage. It emphasizes shifting from debt to wealth, adopting a positive attitude, and believing in your ability to succeed. Many readers find it concise yet thorough, offering motivational energy and actionable steps. It’s highly recommended for those eager to change their financial future, build confidence, and implement proven money principles.
Best For: network marketers and entrepreneurs seeking to transform their financial mindset, build wealth, and learn practical money principles to achieve lasting financial success.
Pros:
- Provides clear, actionable advice on creating investment portfolios and developing wealth accounts.
- Focuses on mindset transformation to overcome mental barriers and foster confidence in wealth building.
- Short, engaging, and motivational, making complex concepts easy to understand and implement.
Cons:
- May lack in-depth technical financial strategies for advanced investors.
- Some readers might find the motivational tone too energetic or repetitive over multiple readings.
- Not a comprehensive guide to all investment options, focusing primarily on mindset and basic principles.
You Are a Badass at Making Money: Master the Mindset of Wealth
You Are a Badass at Making Money is an ideal choice for anyone ready to challenge their limiting beliefs about wealth and take practical steps toward financial empowerment. I found this book eye-opening because it emphasizes examining childhood beliefs about money that shape our current habits. Sincero shares personal stories and actionable strategies, like valuing your time and letting go of hoarding resources. The focus is on shifting from scarcity to abundance, healing emotional barriers, and turning mindset changes into real-world actions. It’s inspiring, humorous, and practical—perfect for anyone wanting to transform their relationship with money and access their full financial potential.
Best For: those seeking to transform their mindset around money, overcome limiting beliefs, and take practical steps toward financial abundance.
Pros:
- Provides relatable personal stories and humorous, engaging writing style.
- Combines mindset shifts with tangible, actionable strategies for wealth-building.
- Offers additional resources like an online course to support ongoing growth and implementation.
Cons:
- Some readers may find the emphasis on spiritual beliefs less applicable to purely financial strategies.
- The book’s informal tone might not appeal to those preferring a more formal or technical approach.
- Actionable steps require consistent effort and self-awareness, which can be challenging for some readers.
Think and Grow Rich Book (Revised and Updated for 21st Century)
Think and Grow Rich, revised and updated for the 21st century, is an ideal choice for individuals seeking a proven blueprint to transform their mindset and achieve financial success. This landmark bestseller by Napoleon Hill has inspired countless people with its principles rooted in desire, faith, persistence, and connecting with infinite intelligence. I’ve seen it change lives—helping readers double their income, eliminate anxiety, and pursue major breakthroughs. Its emphasis on mental development and focused thought makes it relevant today. If you’re committed to applying these timeless strategies, this book can be a powerful tool to access your full potential.
Best For: individuals seeking a proven mental blueprint for achieving financial success, personal growth, and life transformation through mindset and persistence.
Pros:
- Offers timeless principles rooted in desire, faith, and persistence that can lead to significant life breakthroughs.
- Highly motivational and practical, inspiring readers to take actionable steps toward success.
- Widely praised for its ability to shift mindsets and foster long-term personal and financial development.
Cons:
- The audiobook narration quality may hinder comprehension, making the physical book preferable.
- Some readers find the small, thick format less convenient and suggest improvements in design and clarity.
- The concepts may require dedicated effort and emotional resilience to fully implement and see results.
Rich AF: The Winning Money Mindset That Will Change Your Life
“Rich AF” stands out as an ideal choice for beginners and young adults enthusiastic to build confidence in managing their finances. I found it invigoratingly straightforward, breaking down complex topics like savings, investing, and asking for raises into simple, actionable steps. The tone is fun, relatable, and free of jargon, making it easy to stay engaged. Vivian Tu updates traditional financial advice for today’s realities, emphasizing practical tips that motivate immediate action. Whether you’re just starting or want to boost your money mindset, this book offers honest guidance without feeling intimidating, making it a must-read for anyone ready to change their life.
Best For: beginners and young adults eager to build confidence in managing their finances with straightforward, relatable advice.
Pros:
- Clear, accessible language that breaks down complex financial topics into simple steps
- Fun, relatable tone that keeps readers engaged and motivated to take action
- Practical guidance updated for today’s realities, encouraging immediate implementation
Cons:
- May be too basic or less relevant for those already well-versed in advanced investing
- Some readers might find the content more suited to early-stage financial learners rather than seasoned investors
- Occasional minor print issues, like defects, can slightly detract from the overall experience
Unleash Your Money Mindset and Manifest $1,000 in 21 Days
If you’re ready to shift your financial mindset and see real results quickly, “Unleash Your Inner Money Babe” offers a proven, practical approach to manifesting $1,000 in just 21 days. This book helps dismantle limiting beliefs about money, fostering positive energy flow and empowerment. Readers report dramatic shifts, often manifesting unexpected income from gifts, refunds, or hidden accounts. The daily exercises are engaging, easy, and designed to cultivate gratitude, inspired action, and confidence. Many see tangible financial improvements—like refunds, sales, or overlooked savings—all reinforcing that changing your energy and beliefs can create real-world miracles. It’s a fun, impactful way to activate abundance now.
Best For: those seeking to quickly shift their money mindset, manifest financial abundance, and experience tangible monetary results within 21 days.
Pros:
- Engaging, easy-to-follow daily exercises that boost motivation and confidence
- Proven results with many users manifesting over $1,000 through unexpected sources
- Combines practical manifestation techniques with personal growth and spiritual connection
Cons:
- The tone may feel somewhat girly or informal for some readers seeking a more serious approach
- Requires consistent daily commitment, which may be challenging for busy individuals
- Some may prefer a more structured or comprehensive financial planning system alongside the mindset work
Secrets of the Millionaire Mind: Mastering the Inner Game of Wealth
Secrets of the Millionaire Mind is an essential read for anyone ready to uncover the hidden beliefs shaping their financial reality. I learned that our “money blueprint” acts like a thermostat, limiting or expanding our income based on deep-seated programming often set in childhood. By identifying and reprogramming these beliefs, I can shift from scarcity to abundance. The book highlights how wealthy people think differently—seeing opportunities and believing they create their lives—while others may feel powerless. Practical strategies help rewire my mindset, making wealth feel attainable. Eker’s energetic style and actionable advice inspire me to take control of my financial future and master my inner game of wealth.
Best For: individuals seeking to understand and reprogram their subconscious beliefs to achieve financial success and abundance.
Pros:
- Provides practical, actionable strategies for shifting mindset and beliefs about wealth
- Uses engaging, energetic teaching style with humor and emotional appeal to motivate change
- Emphasizes the importance of identifying and altering deep-rooted money blueprints for long-term success
Cons:
- Some readers may find the content repetitive or overly simplified
- Requires commitment to seminars or additional courses for full transformation, which can be costly
- May not address specific financial challenges or complex wealth-building strategies in detail
Healing Inner Child Money Mindset: Overcome Limiting Beliefs & Manifest Abundance
This book is perfect for anyone enthusiastic to heal their relationship with money by addressing deep-seated beliefs formed in childhood. It combines science, spirituality, and inner child work to help you reprogram limiting beliefs and overcome money trauma. Through practical exercises, daily affirmations, and a structured 30-day challenge, I guide you to identify and challenge subconscious blocks. By healing past wounds and rewiring your mindset, you’ll shift from scarcity to abundance. Many have experienced greater confidence, reduced stress, and tangible financial improvements. This holistic approach empowers you to transform your money story and manifest lasting abundance.
Best For: individuals ready to heal their money mindset, overcome limiting beliefs rooted in childhood, and manifest lasting abundance through holistic, science-based techniques.
Pros:
- Combines science, spirituality, and inner child work for a comprehensive approach
- Offers practical exercises, affirmations, and a structured 30-day challenge for real progress
- Helps address deep-seated money trauma and generational patterns for lasting change
Cons:
- May require consistent commitment and self-reflection, which can be time-consuming
- Some readers might find the integration of multiple disciplines complex or overwhelming initially
- Not a quick fix; results depend on ongoing practice and mindset shifts
Millionaire Mindset and Success Habits Book
The “Millionaire Mindset and Success Habits Book” stands out as an ideal choice for beginners enthusiastic to develop a wealth-oriented mindset and establish effective success routines. It offers practical, easy-to-understand advice on overcoming limiting beliefs and building habits that lead to financial freedom. The book emphasizes personal growth and mindset shifts, making complex concepts accessible and engaging. Despite minor grammatical issues, it’s praised for its insightful, actionable steps that anyone can implement. Perfect for those starting their personal finance journey, this book encourages continuous learning and self-improvement, helping readers foster a positive, success-driven outlook essential for achieving lasting wealth.
Best For: beginners and individuals seeking straightforward, actionable advice to develop a wealth mindset and success habits for financial independence.
Pros:
- Easy-to-understand guidance suitable for newcomers to personal finance
- Practical steps that can be implemented immediately to foster growth
- Encourages continuous learning and positive mindset shifts
Cons:
- Contains grammatical errors and formatting issues that may distract readers
- Presence of pictures may not appeal to all audiences, especially younger readers
- Quality of editing varies, which could impact the overall reading experience
The Teen Investing Roadmap: 10 Steps to Build Wealth and Financial Freedom
If you’re a teenager or young adult enthusiastic to build a solid foundation for your financial future, the Teen Investing Roadmap offers practical, easy-to-follow advice tailored just for you. It breaks down 10 clear steps to help you understand money, set goals, and develop good habits like budgeting and investing. The book emphasizes building confidence, discipline, and a wealth-building mindset early on, making complex topics accessible and engaging. With real-world examples and simple instructions, it encourages you to take control of your financial journey, fostering lifelong learning and smart decision-making that can lead to lasting financial freedom.
Best For: Teenagers, young adults, and their families seeking a straightforward, practical guide to developing financial literacy, saving, and investing habits early in life.
Pros:
- Offers clear, actionable steps that are easy to understand and follow
- Focuses on building confidence, discipline, and a wealth-building mindset from a young age
- Uses real-world examples and engaging language to make financial concepts accessible
Cons:
- May oversimplify some complex financial topics for more advanced learners
- Lacks in-depth analysis of specific investment strategies or financial products
- Primarily geared toward beginners, which might limit its usefulness for those with prior financial knowledge
Crypto and Bitcoin: A Millionaire Mindset for Opportunity
For anyone ready to seize the digital financial revolution, mastering the millionaire mindset around cryptocurrency and Bitcoin opens doors to unprecedented opportunities. I’ve learned that understanding blockchain technology, wallets, decentralization, and mining is essential. My experience as a Bitcoin miner and IT entrepreneur has shown me how this evolving market offers incredible wealth potential, despite risks like scams and volatility. By staying informed about key concepts, historical milestones, and future trends, you can position yourself to capitalize on crypto’s disruptive power. Adopting a proactive, educated mindset transforms crypto from a risky gamble into a strategic wealth-building opportunity.
Best For: individuals interested in understanding and leveraging cryptocurrency and Bitcoin to build wealth and stay ahead in the digital financial revolution.
Pros:
- Provides comprehensive insights into blockchain, crypto assets, and investment strategies suitable for beginners and experienced investors alike.
- Emphasizes practical guidance on securing investments, navigating exchanges, and recognizing opportunities like ICOs and mining.
- Includes real-world examples, visual aids, and expert insights to enhance understanding and facilitate informed decision-making.
Cons:
- The complexity of some technical topics may require additional research for complete understanding.
- Market volatility and scams pose inherent risks that require careful risk management and ongoing education.
- As the crypto landscape evolves rapidly, some information may become outdated quickly, necessitating continual learning.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Money Mindset Book
When selecting a money mindset book, I look at the author’s expertise to guarantee credible advice. I also consider how well the content aligns with my goals and offers practical tips I can apply. Finally, I pay attention to the book’s style and focus, making sure it’s engaging and supports my personal growth.
Author’s Expertise Level
Choosing a money mindset book begins with evaluating the author’s expertise level, as it directly impacts the quality and reliability of the advice you’ll receive. An author’s background in finance, psychology, or coaching indicates their depth of knowledge and practical experience, making their insights more trustworthy. Recognized authors often have certifications, published research, or years of hands-on experience, which bolsters their credibility. The level of expertise also determines how nuanced and advanced the strategies are, helping you find advice that genuinely aligns with your current financial situation. By appraising an author’s qualifications, you ensure the content is accurate, thorough, and rooted in proven principles. This step is essential to selecting a book that can truly support your journey toward a healthier money mindset.
Relevance to Goals
How do you find a money mindset book that truly supports your goals? First, consider if the book’s focus matches what you want to achieve—whether it’s building wealth, eliminating debt, or shifting your beliefs about money. Check if it’s suitable for your current financial knowledge level—beginners, intermediates, or advanced learners. If improving your mindset is your goal, look for content that emphasizes psychological aspects. Also, think about whether you prefer practical strategies you can implement or philosophical insights to reflect on. Ultimately, ensure the book’s tone and approach align with your values and motivation style, so you stay engaged and committed. Choosing a book relevant to your specific goals makes your journey more effective and fulfilling.
Practical Application Tips
Practical application is the cornerstone of transforming your money mindset into lasting habits. When choosing a book, look for those that offer clear, actionable strategies like budgeting, saving, or investing techniques. Resources with exercises, prompts, or worksheets help reinforce what you’ve learned and make habits stick. I recommend selecting titles that include real-world examples and step-by-step guidance, making it easier to translate concepts into daily routines. Additionally, books that incorporate habit formation principles—such as setting goals or tracking progress—support consistent practice. Tools like affirmations and visualization techniques are valuable for overcoming psychological barriers and embedding mindset shifts into everyday life. The right book should not only inspire but also equip you with concrete methods to implement lasting financial habits.
Personal Growth Focus
When selecting a money mindset book focused on personal growth, it’s essential to contemplate how well it encourages self-awareness and emotional development. These books aim to transform your core beliefs about wealth, success, and abundance by prompting reflection, journaling, and exercises that foster internal change. Look for titles that prioritize shifting your mindset from scarcity and fear to confidence and prosperity, as this creates lasting behavioral shifts. A strong personal growth focus also emphasizes emotional intelligence and ongoing self-improvement, which are vital for sustainable financial success. Additionally, stories of transformation can inspire you to pursue continuous growth beyond just financial gains. Ultimately, choose a book that helps you understand yourself better and motivates long-term positive change.
Readability & Style
Choosing a money mindset book with a clear and engaging style makes a significant difference in how well you’ll understand and apply its lessons. When the language is simple and the structure logical, complex financial ideas become accessible rather than overwhelming. Concise sentences help you grasp key concepts quickly, boosting your confidence to implement new strategies. An author’s tone—whether humorous, inspiring, or straightforward—can make the material more relatable and enjoyable, encouraging consistent engagement. Well-organized content with headings, bullet points, and summaries helps you locate important ideas fast and stay focused on your learning goals. Visual elements like charts and infographics also enhance understanding, making abstract concepts more tangible. Ultimately, a book’s readability and style can make your financial education easier and more effective.
Scientific Backing
Scientific research plays a crucial role in guiding us toward effective money mindset strategies. Studies in psychology and neuroscience confirm that changing thought patterns can rewire neural pathways, making positive beliefs about wealth more ingrained. Techniques like affirmations and visualization, backed by neuroplasticity research, can strengthen new financial beliefs over time. Empirical evidence shows that individuals with growth mindsets tend to be more motivated and resilient, increasing their chances of financial success. Data from behavioral economics reveals how subconscious beliefs and cognitive biases shape our money decisions, emphasizing the need to address underlying mindsets scientifically. Additionally, experiments demonstrate that interventions like mindfulness and cognitive behavioral techniques can reduce financial anxiety and reshape limiting beliefs, fostering healthier attitudes toward money. This scientific backing helps us choose books rooted in proven methods.
Audience Suitability
Selecting the right money mindset book involves more than just picking a popular title; it’s about finding one that truly speaks to your needs and background. Consider if the language and tone match your age, experience, and personal preferences to guarantee the content feels relatable. Check whether the book is aimed at beginners or more advanced readers, so it matches your current understanding of financial concepts. Think about whether it addresses your specific goals—like building wealth, managing debt, or shifting your mindset. Also, verify if the target audience aligns with your demographic, whether you’re a millennial, teenager, or network marketer. Finally, see if the approach combines psychological insights with practical strategies that suit your learning style and motivation, making the book genuinely relevant to you.
Long-term Impact
When considering a money mindset book for lasting change, it’s essential to focus on how well it promotes sustained behavioral shifts rather than just providing quick motivation. The best books emphasize core principles like abundance mentality, emotional regulation, and consistent financial habits that support ongoing growth. They offer practical tools and exercises that you can revisit regularly to reinforce positive beliefs and behaviors. A truly impactful book addresses deep-seated psychological beliefs, providing strategies to reprogram your subconscious over time. Additionally, it inspires continuous personal development, encouraging you to adapt and evolve your mindset as your financial situation and goals change. Ultimately, a long-term-focused book helps you build a resilient, positive relationship with money that lasts beyond temporary inspiration.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do These Books Address Cultural Differences in Money Mindset?
You’re curious about how these books address cultural differences in money mindset. I’ve found that many focus on universal principles like gratitude and abundance, but they also recognize cultural nuances. They often include diverse examples and adapt advice to different backgrounds, helping readers see how cultural beliefs shape financial behaviors. By understanding these differences, I’ve learned to tailor my mindset shifts, making financial growth more relatable and effective for my unique cultural perspective.
Are There Specific Books Tailored for Different Income Levels?
Ever wondered if one size fits all when it comes to money mindset books? Well, spoiler alert: it doesn’t. I’ve found there are tailored books for different income levels—like those focusing on wealth-building for the high earners or financial basics for beginners. These books recognize our unique financial journeys and offer advice that actually resonates, instead of a cookie-cutter approach that leaves everyone feeling misunderstood.
Do These Books Include Practical Exercises or Just Theory?
You’re wondering if these books include practical exercises or just theory. I’ve found that many money mindset books combine both, offering insightful theories paired with actionable exercises. These activities help you apply concepts directly to your financial habits, making change more tangible. I recommend looking for books that balance motivation with practical steps, so you can actively transform your mindset and financial future rather than just reading about it.
How Often Should I Revisit These Books for Maximum Benefit?
Honestly, I used to think once was enough—like a crash diet. Now I know better. I revisit my money mindset books every few months, especially when I hit a financial plateau or feel my motivation waning. Regularly revisiting these books keeps my mindset sharp and fresh. It’s like watering a plant; consistency helps it grow. So, find a rhythm that fits your life, and stick with it.
Can These Books Help With Overcoming Financial Anxiety and Stress?
Absolutely, these books can help you overcome financial anxiety and stress. I’ve found that understanding the mindset behind money reduces fear and builds confidence. By applying their principles consistently, I’ve gained a healthier perspective on finances. They remind me that my relationship with money is changeable. I encourage you to read them with an open mind, revisit often, and practice the techniques to see real shifts in your financial stress.
Conclusion
Beginning this journey through these books is like planting seeds in a fertile mind, each one blossoming into a richer understanding of money. As you nurture your money mindset, you’ll find your financial future transforming into a vibrant garden of opportunity. Remember, cultivating wealth isn’t a sprint but a steady, deliberate dance—so keep reading, learning, and growing. Your path to financial freedom is waiting, painted in the colors of knowledge and perseverance.
